In addition to the lance and the sword the knight was armed with an axe, of a dagger, a plague of weapons, and a mass of weapons, bludgeon furnished with points.

Mrs.

Roland is one of the most famous women of the Revolution.

When her husband was a minister in 1792, it made of its living room the center of the party of Gironde.

Condemned to died into 93, she died with courage, while saying: "O freedom, that crimes have makes on your behalf! "

The battle of Granson was a new defeat for the knighthood: the Swiss ones were massed in a tightened place, between the lake of Neufchâtel and the mountain; to attack was to run to an unquestionable defeat: but Charles the Bold one, who called contemptuously them cowherds, could not think that peasants could fight against the noble ones, and it was thrown madly on them with its cavalry.

Swiss, tight the ones against the others and armed with long pikes, opposed an insuperable rampart to him, while helps arrived to them of the mountain; taken between two enemies, the Burgundian ones fled in disorder, giving up all their luggage and all their artillery.

Small poor people, ignored hitherto, without horses and weapons, had overcome the powerful duke of Occident (1476).

The serfs, who were almost slaves, were corvéables at mercy, in other words compelled with the drudgery, i.e.

they worked free for the lord each time that it needed workmen: it was them which cultivated its grounds, cut its wood, repaired the roads, cleaned the ditches.

After the departure of the Crossed first, the Holy Land was reduced with a small number of defenders, and in 1144 the town of Edesse fell down to the capacity of the Moslems who massacred all the Christians there.

Saint Bernard preached one second crusade.

In Vézelay where the king and the largest lords had met to hear it, of the thousands of Christians asked to leave with the king: as the crosses missed, holy Bernard cut his coat in thin straps, and soon all the chests were decorated same symbol, just as all the hearts beat same enthusiasm (1146).

Jacques-heart, endowed with the genius for business, had founded a vast maritime company, put France in relation to the Indies, fact of the treaties with the Turks and had given to the trade a rise hitherto unknown.

Become the richest man of the kingdom, it lent to Charles VII the money necessary to the conquest of Normandy, became its treasurer, and played a great political part; but calumniated by the crowd of envieux, it lost the confidence of the king and was condemned to the exile (1453).

Its hotel is still upright.

The constituent Assembly, after having abolished the privileges, had, in the declaration of the rights of man, proclaimed the principles of personal freedom and national sovereignty, but the king refused to sanction such radical reforms; the people of Paris, fearing new attempts at coup d'etat went in mass to Versailles, invade the palate, massacred some bodyguards, and took along of force the royal family to Tileries, to hold it at his disposal (October 5, and 6 1789).

Marshal of France in 1625, Schomberg drove out the English of the island of D, was useful with glory with the seat of the Small rock, then in the war against Savoy, and died in 1632, after having overcome Montmorency.

Great writer and large erudite, author of a natural History which counts thirty-six volumes.

The Academy was intended to maintain the purity of the French language: Richelieu charged it making a dictionary, to fix the direction of the words, and with instituting contests to excite the emulation between the men of letters (January 1635).

The Vaugelas scientist, in charge of the direction of the dictionary, accepted a pension of 2000 pounds; he put himself at work, but the dictionary, continued slowly with him, appeared only in 1694. The French Academy resisted the revolutions and is remained one of our national institutions.

The unhappy ones which could not cross the border were, according to the cases, stripped their goods, imprisoned, whipped, marked of an iron red, or sent to the galères.

Charles the Bald person and Louis the Germanic one, after having beaten Lothaire with Fontanet, renewed their alliance solemnly: they went to Strasbourg, and after having arranged the two armies opposite one the other, they swore an eternal friendship: Charles the Bald person, who addressed to the soldiers of Louis, expressed himself in German; Louis expressed in French to be included/understood soldiers of Charles the Bald person (842).

Marie-Antoinette, who had married Louis XVI in 1770, was girl of the emperor of Germany François 1st and Marie-Thérèse of Austria.

She was of a rare beauty and an exquisite grace, but its cheerfulness displeased with the dissatisfied ones, and its luxury irritated the famished people; its least faults passed for crimes.

Louis XI was with his castle of Plessis-the-Turns when it learned death from his enemy; it manda at once all large lords of the surroundings, to make them share itself of the news: much of them had conspired formerly with the duke of Burgundy, and had preferred to learn death from the king, but all affected to be delighted, and Louis XI, who knew their truths feelings, had fun this comedy.

Marie de Médicis, locked up with the castle of Blois, was impatient to seize again the capacity.

In the night from the 22 to January 13, 1619, it made draw up a scale to the windows of the second stage, where it remained, and went down boldly.

She threw herself in one fits with body which awaited it, and flees in Angouleme.

The admiral Coligny had thrown himself in the place of Saint-Quentin with a handle of men to defend it against the Spaniards and the English, but the fortifications were in so bad condition, and the besieging army so many, which it could not hold a long time.

The constable of Montmorency undertook to help it, and although it did not have which 24 000 men against 60 000, it boldly attacked the Spanish camp: while it sought to penetrate in the city, the enemy cut the retirement to him; the French Army, attacked soon de.toutes.parts, was defended with courage: many chiefs and 2 500 soldiers were killed; some thousands were done day through the enemy lines, the others were made prisoners with the constable, who had already been taken in Pavia.

Saint-Quentin succumbed fifteen days after, Coligny was taken there in its turn, and France was seriously threatened.

The seven year old war was for France a mixture of shame and glory: the duke of Richelieu had great qualities of General, but it gave to its army the example of plundering: the soldiers called it the small father the Petty thieving.

Soubise made proof, in Rosbach, of a scandalous incapacity; many Generals, plus courtiers that soldiers, made pass their particular interest before that of the fatherland.

It would be however unjust to see only the evil, even opposite the reign of Louis XV.

In Clostercamp, with the outposts, the sergeant Dubois, regiment of Auvergne, is surprised the night by the English; threatened of dead if it gives the awakening, it shouts of all its forces, "A us, of Auvergne, they are the enemies", and it falls bored blows.

With its cry the captain of Assas, which is in front of its soldiers: "Draw, hunters, they are the enemies" the French obeys, and draws in front of them in the darkness; they kill their captain, but with him much of English; the army is saved (1760).

Charles VIII had left neither son, nor brother; Louis XII, who succeeded to him, belonged to another branch, connects it of Valois-Orleans; his father was Charles of Orleans, the prince poet; his grandfather, Louis of Orleans, assassinated street Old woman-of-Temple in 1407; finally its great-grandfather was the king of France Charles V.

The Bastille, where the absolute royalty had locked up its enemies a long time, rebellious, Protestant, writers critical, were for the people of Paris most odious of the prisons of State and like the symbol of Ancien Régime; the storming of the Bastille was celebrated like a great victory: its destruction seemed to inaugurate one era of democracy and freedom; one made some disappear to the least vestiges, and the evening of July 14, 1790 the people expressed his joy while dancing on the site of the Bastille.

The combat of the Thirty is one of the most memorable facts of the One hundred Year old war Thirty French knights ordered by heroic Beaumanoir, and thirty English knights gave each other appointment in the moor of Semi-Way, close to Ploërmel, then, with a given signal, melted au.galop the ones against the others, and fought body with body "as well, said Froissart, as if all had been Rolands and Oliviers." Finally the victory remained with the French: of the sixty champions, thirteen had died, nine English and four French; none the survivors was without wound and only one horse remained upright (March 27, 1351).

Also it in proverb of saying in connection with a keen fight passed: "One fought as with the combat of the Thirty" a granite column, high on the place of the combat, perpetuates the names of the inhabitants there.

Louis XVI, despairing to stop the Revolution, took the party to emigrate in his turn with his family, but it was stopped in Varennes (Meuse), and the national guard, run de.toutes.parts, prevented the marquis de Bouillé from delivering it with its cavalry.

Two police chiefs of the French National Assembly took seat in the car, Barnave between the king and the queen, Pétion between Mrs Élisabeth and Mrs Royale; the young dolphin, six years old, sat down on the knees of one or others.

It was only at the end of four days that the procession entered to Paris.

The people, which had lined up in mass on the course, accomodated the king by greatest silence and the hat on the head; the instruction was posted everywhere: "That which will applaud the king will be beaten; that which will insult the king will be hung "(June 1791).

The French were only 30 000 against 60 000, but the Austrians were dispersed: Bonaparte solved to overpower them in several times; it left Vérone during the night, by the Western door, as if it projected to be folded up, and, making a great movement turning through the marshes, it attacked one of the enemy bodies by behind, with the bridge of Arcole.

But this bridge is defended at the head by a formidable artillery and is beaten in side by embusqués Croats.

Augereau precipitates there with its pomegranates; it is pushed back.

Then Bonaparte, stopping the runaways, springs itself on the bridge, a flag with the hand: all his companions fall around him; Lannes receives three wounds; Bonaparte, plugged by smoke, falls into the marsh and leaves there only to grand' sorrow, but its bravery doubled the force of its soldiers: the following day the attack is renewed and the Austrians beat a retreat, leaving behind them 10 000 died and 6000 prisoners (November 1796).

Bonaparte returned in Vérone by the Eastern door.

One still preserves in the church of Poissy the remains of the Baptismal font on which holy Louis was baptized; the bridge goes up at the same time.

Charles IX, after having resisted the excitations of his mother a long time, had finished by him yielding: "By God death, he with rage says, since you find good that the admiral is killed, I want, me, that one kills also all the huguenots of France, so that there does not remain about it one which can reproach it to me" Catherine did not neglect anything so that this desire was fully satisfied.

Marie Stuart remained famous because of her beauty, her spirit and of her misfortunes.

Girl of king d' Écosse Jacques V and Marie of Lorraine, it married in 1558 the Francois, dolphin to which it brought the title of king d' Écosse, and went up on the throne with him the following year; widow at seventeen years and persecuted by Catherine de Médicis, it turned over to Scotland, where it was made like, then to hate her subjects, and after a series of catastrophes it fell to the capacity from the sound enemy, Élisabeth Queen of England, which made it decapitate (1587).

The poor which knew the great charity of king Robert, misused it sometimes.

One feastday, in Étampes, Robert had inserted some poor in the room where it soupait, and it gave them to eat by ground as with dogs which their Master spoils.

When they had left, one realized that they had stolen the gold fringes of the royal coat.

The queen was strong in anger and regretted the beautiful fringes, but the kings was satisfied to say while smiling: "They for of required undoubtedly more that me" the chroniclers tell good king Robert several anecdotes of the same kind.

Jarnac and Chataignerie, which had to empty an affair of honour, obtained new king Henri II the permission to fight: the duel take place with Saint-Germain in front of a many assistance.

The king and the courtiers, who had insulted Jarnac, made wishes for Chataignerie, and, trustful in its force with the fencing, they did not doubt its victory; they had even made prepare a great feast.

But the exit of the combat misled their forecasts; Jarnac, by a skilful response, sliced the bulge of its adversary, and made him grace of the life.

Henri II, constrained to conform to the uses, kissed the winner; but it enrageait of spite, and made violently disperse the crowd, which pushed cries of joy for narguer the court (1547).

Nimes is one of the cities which kept the most vestiges of the Roman period: theSquare one is a temple which goes up at the time of Auguste: it is in so good state, which it does not seem older than modern constructions which surround it; it was used as model with the church of the Madeleine of Paris.

Catherine de Médicis, who was to advise Saint-Barthélemy, was about indifferent out of religious matter, and it made initially main efforts to prevent the civil war, in spite of the indignation of the Own ways, which wanted to extirpate the heresy by the force.

Of agreement with Michel of the Hospital, it convened with Poissy a conference (i.e. a kind of council) theologists of the two parties, in the hope which they would manage an agreement by reciprocal concessions.

The assembly meets with Poissy on September 9, 1561 in the presence of the king, of her Henri brother, the chancellor and a crowd of large characters; six cardinals, thirty-six archbishops or bishops, the General of the Jesuits and a great number of Doctors of Divinity represented the catholic church; the Protestants, on their side, had sent twenty-two deputies, eleven ministers and celebrates it Theodore de Bèze, their principal chief after Calvin.

As of the first day, the discussion was impossible, and after some meetings where hatreds made only envenimer, the conference separated at the end of October, with the great sadness of the moderated men, who saw France divided into two irreconcilable parties.

Gaston de Foix, young person general of twenty-three years, returned one moment the victory to France.

He had as much prudence than the old Generals, and he astonished more the brave men by his courage.

After having driven out Switzerland of the Milanese, removed Bologna with the Spaniards and Brescia with Venetian, it attacks in Ravenne the Spaniards and the army of the Pope.

Thanks to a terrible cannonade and with furious loads, the battle was gained and the enemy fled, when Gaston, seeing two Spanish companies which were withdrawn proudly with the small step, sprang on them au.galop with some men; soon surrounded and désarçonné, it refused to go, and, new Roland, it defended himself a long time with blows of sword, but to the fifteenth wound, it fell (April 1512).

Gaston de Foix was not replaced, and the fortune of France succumbed with him.

When the Dolphin had left Paris, the noble ones ran de.toutes.parts to its call, and it was soon with the head of 7000 riders armed with all parts.

It was too little to take the walls by storm, but was enough to starve the city: all the arrivals of the high Seine and the Marne were stopped with the bridge of Charenton by the royal troops, and Paris was not long in suffering from the famine.

Since the opening of the States General, and especially since the meeting of June 23, Paris anxious and was agitated; the gatherings of troops to the Field of Mars, the insolence of some officers, the reference of the Necker minister, in a word the threats of coup d'etat produced an angry outburst there: the people raised themselves (July 12); the French guards, almost all children of Paris, made common cause with him, and when the dragons were on the point of charging crowd with Tileries, they found uniforms in front of them; the 13, Paris were held on the defensive, manufactured spades, and organized a national guard of 48 000 men; the 14, the people removed deposit of the Invalids 28 000 rifles and 20 guns, then it seized the Bastille.

The king, renonçant with the fight, moved away his troops and pointed out Necker.

The first riot of the Sling was caused by the imprisonment of Broussel, adviser at the Parliament, which had pointed out itself by its opposition to Mazarin: August 26, while one sang Te Deum with Our-injury, for the victory of Lens, Broussel was stopped in its family by guards: the people, which called it his guard, raised themselves at once: one did not manage to tear off it with the soldiers, but Paris roughcast barricades, and four hundred and thousand votes shouted: "Freedom or Broussel".

Bayard deserved to be called the knight without fear and reproach.

In the disastrous countryside of Italy, it was him which saved the honor of France.

After the battle of Garigliano, it only defended a bridge with him against two hundred Spaniards; it cut down all those which approached it, and the piled up bodies formed soon a bloody barricade, which Bayard made insuperable.

A hundred men-at-arms ran to his help, and the Spanish avant-garde had to give up forcing the bridge.

The French Army, which seemed entirely lost, had time to be folded up on Gaëte (1503).

Charlemagne and its successors, who were at the same time kings of the Franks and emperors of Occident, adopted several Roman emblems, the sphere, symbol of the empire of the world, the sceptre and the crown, badges of the sovereign power.

The crown of Charlemagne was closed by the top and was surmounted by a cross.

Louis IV of Overseas made main efforts to raise his authority, but the duke of France had for him the large ones and the people; a part of the clergy only remained attached to the Carolingians.

The general council of Germanie being joined together with Ingelheim close to Mainz, to examine the quarrel of king Louis and prince Hugues, Louis IV itself told his misfortunes and pled its cause.

The council solemnly threatened the duke of France of the excommunion, if it did not make satisfaction with his king, but Hugues the Large one was too powerful to be moved by the pronounced words with Ingelheim, and Louis IV, who seemed to excite Germany against France, was more unpopular than ever.

Paris, attacked by more than 200 000 men, was defended glorieusement: it neither had armed, nor fortifications; the government had refused to distribute weapons; Napoleon was far, and there was no hope of success; but it remained to save the honor: all the noble-hearted mans armed themselves as they could and joined so that there remained soldiers; Marmont disputed Belleville step by step; Mortar, with a handle of brave men, defended the Villette and the Vault, the pupils of the polytechnic School were distinguished on the road from Vincennes, those of the School of Alfort to the bridge of Charenton; Moncey, with 22 000 men, stopped of them some time 170 000 with the Clichy barrier, but the disproportion of the forces was too large, and exhausted Paris was resigned to capitulate: at least the enemy had lost 18 000 men (March 29, 1814).

King de Pologne of 1704 to 1712, duke of Lorraine in 1758, died in 1766.

With the Middle Ages the first plays were only the representation of the marvellous facts of the Bible or the life of the Saints: they were called Mysteries.

This spectacle was given a long time in the church even, the days of great festivals, in Christmas, Easter; then one drew up trestles in the squares, and of the brotherhoods of workmen were formed to serve actors.

Lengthened constantly by the poets, the Mysteries took incredible proportions: the mystery of Passion reached 60 000 worms, and one did not have less than twenty days to play it.

Lastly, one was not satisfied any more religious subjects, and one composed of the historical dramas: such was the mystery of the head office of Orleans, which was represented in Orleans in 1439.

Albert de Luynes was regretted of nobody, not even of the king, who was already tired of his favourite; when one transported his body to his castle, no friend accompanied the convoy, and one tells that during the halts the servants played the charts on his coffin (December 1621).

The duke of Brittany died soon after the battle, leaving to Brittany with his daughter the Anne duchess: the emperor of Germany asked for his hand to have the duchy; but the young Charles VIII invades Brittany, besieged Anne in Rennes, and took the duchess with the city: one month after, the marriage was celebrated in Langeais (16 déc. 1491): Charles had twenty and one year, and Anne fifteen.

It is since this time that Brittany is French.

Fayette had been made popular during the war of America: it was proclaimed ordering national guard; but, tiny room to be used the force against the multitude, it lost any popularity and was constrained to flee.

Concini was an Italian adventurer, son of a notary of Florence.

Come in Paris with Marie de Médicis, in 1600, it married Léonora Galigaï, chambermaid and favorite of the queen, penetrated in the good graces of Marie, and by a scandalous fortune became marquis d' Ancre, Marshal of France, finally as powerful as if it had the title of Prime Minister.

Henri de Condé was the grandson of Louis de Condé.

He converts with Catholicism and was a long time in favour at Henri IV, in 1610 he put at the head the dissatisfied ones and took three times the weapons against Concini: the first two times it succeed in being made gorge with gold, but with the third revolt, Concini lost patience and locked up it with the Bastille.

In response to the decree of Berlin, England had declared that it would confiscate all the ships which would go to France or in the allied countries of France.

Napoleon with are turn ordered by the decree of Milan to burn all the English goods introduced in smuggling (1810), and one destroyed some for more than one billion, in order to frighten the defrauders.

The situation of England was well close being desperate: it did not find any more to sell its products; its warehouses were encumbered, its closed manufactures and its workmen plunged in misery; but it was impossible that Napoleon forced all Europe a long time to obey to him, and England was saved the day when Russia broke with France and reopened its ports with the English ships.

Louis V prepared to walk against the archbishop of Rheims Adalbéron, when he died suddenly, as had died his Lothaire father and his grandfather Louis IV.

According to the Richer chronicler, it made a terrible fall while driving out with foot in a forest, was taken of a burning fever and died at the end of a few days on May 21 987. Other chroniclers show his wife to have poisoned it.

What is sure it is that the last Carolingians died by the way for their enemies.

Our fleet, much lower forces some, could not fight victoriously against the English fleet, but it equalized our army in courage.

In a great naval battle, delivered to hundred miles of the island of Ushant to defend a large corn convoy which came from Santo Domingo, the vessel the Avenger was surrounded by the enemy fleet, and was summoned to bring its house: but the French sailors liked better to perish to go to the English; they were defended until the last moment, on their vessel which sank, and were let absorb with the song of the Marseillaise (June 1794).

The devotion of the Avenger made it possible the other ships to return to Brest with the corn convoy, and France was saved famine.

Napoleon, raising the camp of Boulogne, transported in twenty days on the Rhine the eight his army corps; then, leaving Augereau in reserve, it went up Mein with Lannes, Murat, Ney, Soult, Davout, Marmont and Bernadotte, turned the Austrian army by admirable operations, and cut it in several sections in Vertingen, in Memmingen and in Elchingen, rejected the principal body on Ulm and de.toutes.parts wrapped it, by keeping the heights; the Mack General, despaired, capitulated with 33 000 soldiers, 60 guns and 40 flags (October 20, 1805); of 100 000 Austrians there remained only runaways, which our cavalry continued; Napoleon had not lost more than 3 000 men.

Saxony was one of the countries most difficult to conquer.

After y to have repressed terrible risings, Charlemagne wanted to complete by leniency the work of the force, but the Saxon ones still revolted, and this Charlemagne time did not forgive any more: 4500 prisoners were decapitated in one day; a part of the population was transported in other countries and Saxony was subjected to the most severe laws.

Charles Martel, after his victory of Poitiers, divided with his army the immense spoils which it found in the enemy camp, herds of oxen and sheep, rich fabrics, vases invaluable, and gold ingots, which the Arable ones had removed with the Aquitanian ones, then it returned to Paris in triumph to the head of its victorious Franks.

One looked it like the saver of Christendom, and it had been due only to him to take the title of king; it was satisfied to exert the power and to prepare the advent of his Pépin son of it.

Henri III, who had gained the battles of Jarnac and Moncontour when it was called only the Duke of Anjou, and which had been selected as king by the Poles, inspired to the catholics of great hopes, but as soon as it was assembled on the throne of France, hoppers weakness and its defects were revealed at the great day, and returned it soon méprisable and odious to all the parties: many lords left the court.

The castle of Fougeray, located in the surroundings of Redon, was firmly occupied by a hundred English, and it had been madness that to attack it of sharp force.

Of Guesclin, which had with him only sixty men, the Jura however to take it: informed that the governor had ordered firewood, it disguised thirty of his companions as loggers or as old women, made them take with each one a load of wood, and curved itself under a faggot, it arised in front of the fortress, while the remainder of its band was held ready to run: the English without distrust lowered the drawbridge, but Of Guesclin, entered at once, rectifies itself while shouting: "Ahead", and precipitates on the English with large blows of knocked: surrounded of enemies, sifted wounds, it is about to succumb, when his companions arrive at his help: the English are massacred, and the French take their place in the castle (1350).

Napoleon had said to the Talma actor: "I will give you a floor of kings": it held word.

The interview of the Emperor and the Tsar had attracted in Erfurth almost all the sovereigns of Germany.

Talma was mandé there, and the tragedies of Crow, Root and Voltaire were played there in front of an assembly of princes, kings and emperors, such as one had never seen some.

With the famous worms of Oedipus: "the friendship of a great man is a benefit of the gods", the Alexandre tsar took the hand of Napoleon highly, and tightened it with emotion.

The Emperor of the French seemed the Master of the world (October 1808).

The chief of the conspiracy of Amboise was an adventurer named Renaudie.

It got along with the prince of Condé, brings together in Nantes, in the greatest secrecy, the delegates of the Protestant cities, and was advisable with them to remove the king with the castle of Blois, then to stop the Own ways, to have the government.

But François de Guise, informed plot by spies and two treacherous Protestants with their party, took along the king to the castle of Amboise, easier to defend, made come from the troops to small noise and was held on his guards without appearing anything to know.

Entreated were taken as with the trap: detachments of cavalry embusqués in wood seized them before they had been able to be assembled and led them to the castle of Amboise, where the majority were decapitated, hung or drowned.

Renaudie, surprised in the wood of Castle-Renaud, was killed out of a blow of arquebus, after having sold its life dearly, and its body was attached to an bracket on the bridge of the Loire (March 1560).

The prince of Condé, who had awaited the events before taking the weapons, declared impudently that it was not plot, and as there was no against him unquestionable proof, François de Guise was constrained to let it leave.

Suger was son of a man of the people of the surroundings of Saint-Omer.

Collected by charity with the abbey of Saint-Denis, it was raised there by the monks with the young person Louis VI, of which he became the friend, the adviser and the minister.

It was especially under the reign of Louis VII that it played a great part: regent of France during the absence of the king, treaty of equal to equal by the kings of England, Scotland and Sicily, it got busy entire to protect the poor and the weak ones, to continue the disturbers of public peace, to restore the churches and the fortresses.

Louis VII, on his return, decorated it with the title of father of the fatherland, and the chronicler who told his life finishes his account by these fine wordss: "It is the heart which makes the noble ones"

The war between Richard and Philippe was a keen fight which extended from Normandy in Berry and the Flanders.

Richard had with its service of bands of lorry drivers, "which did not count for nothing overflowing human blood, plundering and the fire" Philippe, which had only knights and communal militia, often the lower part had.

In 1194, it was surprised in the surroundings of Blois, and it lost all its luggage, its money, its royal seal, a part of its files.

Another time, in 1196, it fell into a ambush in Courcelles, close to Gisors; the French were only two hundreds against several thousands: Philippe sprang bravely on the English and managed to clear a passage, but the majority as of the his companions perished.

The day of Eckmühl finishes by a terrible fray of cavalry: the Austrian cuirassiers made a load despaired to cover the retirement of the infantry, but the French cavalry turned them skilfully and sprang with their continuation: the enemy riders, which had of armour only on the chest, were not protected from the blows which they received in the back; their rout was soon complete (April 22, 1809).

The Norman ones, after having taken Rouen, went up the Seine with their seven hundred boats and appeared in front of Paris on November 25 885: they expected to enter the city without blow to férir, but the count of Paris Eudes, son of Robert the Fort, and the valiant Gozlin bishop had repaired the walls, had barred the Seine and had brought together around them people of heart; all the attacks failed: the Parisian ones, which made good guard on the ramparts, launched enormous stones on the groups of Norman, and flooded those which approached ebullient oil and molten lead.

Finally the bishop and the count with some brave men made exits which threw the disorder among the attackers; Eudes, springing au.galop of its horse, cut through a path everywhere; the bishop accepted a blow of javelin and succumbed to tiredness.

Bordeaux, the capital of Guyenne, went twice to the French: the first time, in 1451, Dunois there made a solemn entry and respected all the privileges of the city; but the second time, in 1453, it was severely punished; it was if not very French which it had pointed out the English.

Brisson had been appointed president of the Parliament by the members of a league, but it appeared soon too moderate to the Sixteen, committee of fanatic men who, since the seat, controlled Paris tyrannically.

Stopped to nine hours of the morning, on the Michaelmas bridge, as it went to the Palate, it was led to small Châtelet, and, after a ridiculous judgement, condemned to died in spite of its supplications, confessed to haste and hung in the room even, at eleven hours.

Its corpse was then fixed on the gibet of the place of Strike with a sign which declared it treacherous.

Many moderate men had the same fate (Nov. 1591).