The Viscount of Limoges having found a large treasure in the castle of Chalus, his suzerain Richard Lion Heart claimed to him, and for tearing off to him, it came itself to besiege Chalus; but, at the time when it put foot at ground, it was reached with the shoulder of a feature launched by a crossbow, and it died at the end of a few days, after having asked its soldiers to save his murderer (1199).

Henri II had had four sons: Henri, Richard, Geoffroy and Jean without Ground.

When Richard had died, two applicants were in presence, Jean without Ground, and Arthur of Brittany, son of Geoffroy.

Arthur had the right for him, and it was supported by Philippe Auguste, but it fell between the hands from his uncle Jean, who took it along in a boat, stabbed it and threw his body in the Seine (1203).

The Gaillard castle, which barred the valley of the Seine, close to Andelys, was regarded as impregnable.

But French fills a ditch, and sapping the base of a tower safe from their shields, they reverse it and spring with the attack of a second enclosure; several times pushed back, they there penetrate by a window of the vault, and finally force besieged to capitulate in the keep (October 1203).

Philippe then put the seat in front of Rouen.

The city, defended by a double rampart and three ditches, could not be removed from force; but it was reduced to the famine to capitulate in June 1204: it cut down its walls and shaved its citadel.

Normandy was reconquered.

The knights, especially those of the South, were not any more of the men ignoramuses and coarse as at the tenth century: to like the great blows of sword, they did not taste less the beautiful ones towards; the chivalrous poets, called trouveres in North, troubadours in the South, celebrated especially the heroism and the piety of the warriors, the beauty and the virtue of the ladies of the manor, in lovesongs and songs, satires, French tale in verse and especially in poems epic called chansons de geste.

Powerful lords and kings such as Richard Lion Heart did not scorn to deliver themselves to poetry.

Often two troubadours contributed before an elegant assembly, and the injuries served referees to them.