FrenchHistory.net - 84 - LOUIS XVI. Turgot, Malesherbes and Necker, Reforms. WAR Of AMERICA

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84 - LOUIS XVI

Turgot, Malesherbes and Necker, Reforms. WAR Of AMERICA

	LOUIS XVI	page 1 / 6
MONARCHY (of 1483 to 1789) » Decline of monarchy
French history in 100 tables by Paul Lehugeur

Extracts

ORIGINS (of 58 front. J.-C. with 887)

FEUDALITY (from 887 to 1483)

MONARCHY (of 1483 to 1789)

Wars of Italy

Wars against the house of Austria

Wars of religion

Apogee of monarchical France

Decline of monarchy

76 - LOUIS XIV - STRASBOURG, REVOCATION OF THE EDICT OF NANTES

77 - LOUIS XIV - LEAGUE Of AUGSBURG, Treaty of Ryswick.

78 - LOUIS XIV - SUCCESSION Of SPAIN

79 - LOUIS XIV - TREATY Of UTRECHT, End of the reign of Louis XIV.

80 - LOUIS XV - REGENCY, System of Law.

81 - LOUIS XV - WARS AGAINST AUSTRIA, War of succession of Poland. - War of succession of Austria.

82 - LOUIS XV - SEVEN YEAR OLD WAR, Loss of the French colonies.

83 - LOUIS XV - VOLTAIRE, Literature at the XVIIIe century.

84 - LOUIS XVI, Turgot, Malesherbes and Necker, Reforms. WAR Of AMERICA

THE REVOLUTION

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Marie-Antoinette.

Marie-Antoinette, who had married Louis XVI in 1770, was girl of the emperor of Germany François 1st and Marie-Thérèse of Austria.

She was of a rare beauty and an exquisite grace, but its cheerfulness displeased with the dissatisfied ones, and its luxury irritated the famished people; its least faults passed for crimes.

Louis XVI.

Louis XVI resembled of nothing to his grandfather Louis XV: he was virtuous and good, and he wanted the good of his subjects, but too timid to impose its will on its entourage, too undecided to achieve the reforms for which he recognized the need, it was impossible for him to direct itself the Revolution.

Fights Supervising and of Quebec.

The duel of these two frigates remained famous: the commander of Supervising, the Breton one of Couëdic de Kergoualer, showed a superhuman energy there; covered of wounds, it kept the command, démâta the enemy frigate, approached it, set fire to it, then collected the English and treated them like shipwrecked men. Supervising returned triumphantly to Brest, greeted by the acclamations of an enthusiastic crowd (October 8, 1779).

Of Couëdic died of its wounds, but its name is one of most glorious of the history.

Intrepidity of Suffren.

In the sea of the Indies, Suffren gained bright victories.

It was at the same time most skilful of the admirals and most intrepid of the captains.

With the combat of Trinquemale it was surrounded of three English vessels a long time: its ship was démâté, transpierced, disabled, but Suffren had solved to perish rather than to go, its heroism gave to the crew superhuman forces; the other vessels had time to release it, and the English were dispersed. (September 1782.)

STATE Of EUROPE IN 1789

Europe, in 1789, account five great powers, France, England, Austria, Prussia and Russia.

In spite of the acquisition of Lorraine and Corsica, in spite of the war of America, France is still under the blow of the seven year old war, its colonial empire is lost, its supremacy in Europe is destroyed; but its literature spreads in the world of the new ideas.

England is main seas.

Austria increased with the detriment of Spain, Turkey and Poland.

Prussia, since Frederic II, is a great power.

Russia also became, under Pierre the Large one and Catherine II, a European nation and a great power.

All the other States of Europe are weak.

At the interior, Louis XVI tries to cure the evils of France.

Large ministers, Turgot, Malesherbes, Necker undertake excellent reforms, such as the abolition of the drudgery, freedom of movement of the grains, the reduction of the expenditure, the reduction in the privileges, etc.

But they meet resistances which they cannot overcome, and Louis XVI replaces them by courtiers.

De Calonne, which exhaust the treasure by its prodigalities, and Brienne, which increases the taxes.

Louis XVI, with end of resources, is forced to point out Necker (1788), and to convene the States General, to consult the nation on the reforms.

At outside, France glorieusement helps the United States of America against England and is raised with the eyes of Europe.

WAR Of AMERICA

The English colonies of America rise to conquer their independence (1774); they have sorrow to support the fight, when France comes liberally to their help.

The navy, raised by Choiseul under Louis XV, plays a glorious part in this war; France gains naval victories, in Ushant, in the Antilles and in the sea of the Indies; the French Army and American force English to capitulate in Yorktown (1781); England acknowledges itself overcome and signs the treaty of Versailles by which it recognizes the independence of the United States and returns to France Senegal and several Antilles (1783).

Marie-Antoinette.

Louis XVI.

Fights Supervising and of…

Intrepidity of Suffren.

STATE Of EUROPE IN…

raw translation, not yet corrected

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