Henri IV, who had only 7 000 men against 30 000, seemed in a desperate plight, but it was cut off from the heights from Arch, like in the suburbs and the castle of Dieppe; Mayenne made during three weeks of main efforts to force it in its positions: all its attacks were useless, and, when it learned the approach from an army of help, it was withdrawn in all haste.

The honest companion of Henri IV, Crillon, which suffered from a wound, had not been able to attend the battle: Henri wrote to him with his ordinary gaity: "Hang yourself, honest Crillon, we overcame without you"

The Spaniards, enhardis by the death of Richelieu, had taken again the offensive and had gone on Rocroi, but they found Condé there.

Their chiefs were tried out captains, but Condé thwarted all their calculations by a turning movement of an extraordinary audacity.

After having broken the left of the enemies, it crossed it with its cavalry, and passing behind their center, it attacked suddenly by behind their victorious line: their victory was changed into disaster, and the half as of their remained lying on the battle field.

It was Condé who stopped carnage, and, like known as Bossuet, "joined to the pleasure of overcoming that to forgive" (May 1643).

The battle of Granson was a new defeat for the knighthood: the Swiss ones were massed in a tightened place, between the lake of Neufchâtel and the mountain; to attack was to run to an unquestionable defeat: but Charles the Bold one, who called contemptuously them cowherds, could not think that peasants could fight against the noble ones, and it was thrown madly on them with its cavalry.

Swiss, tight the ones against the others and armed with long pikes, opposed an insuperable rampart to him, while helps arrived to them of the mountain; taken between two enemies, the Burgundian ones fled in disorder, giving up all their luggage and all their artillery.

Small poor people, ignored hitherto, without horses and weapons, had overcome the powerful duke of Occident (1476).

Nimes is one of the cities which kept the most vestiges of the Roman period: theSquare one is a temple which goes up at the time of Auguste: it is in so good state, which it does not seem older than modern constructions which surround it; it was used as model with the church of the Madeleine of Paris.

Rabelais, born close to Chinon, in 1483, the same year as Raphaël and than Luther, died in 1553, did not write that a book: Actions of Gargantua and his son Pantagruel, extraordinary novel, mixture of science and comic, morals and coarseness; but it is a work of genius, where in a pleasant and often monstrous form, a sharp satire of ignorance is hiding place, routine and abuses without a number which it had been dangerous to attack openly.

Henri persecuted reformed with eagerness: he gave the hardest orders to make them stop, and returned edicts to prohibit the pity of the judges.

Even one day it took pleasure to go to see burning an heretic whom it hated particularly: accoudé with the window of a hotel of which there remains some remains in the Charlemagne passage, it lives condemned to go up on roughing-hew it and twisting in the flames.

Moved in spite of him by the spectacle by similar sufferings, it the Jura not to re-examine execution any more, but if the torturers had a spectator of less, they did not miss victims.

After the departure of the Crossed first, the Holy Land was reduced with a small number of defenders, and in 1144 the town of Edesse fell down to the capacity of the Moslems who massacred all the Christians there.

Saint Bernard preached one second crusade.

In Vézelay where the king and the largest lords had met to hear it, of the thousands of Christians asked to leave with the king: as the crosses missed, holy Bernard cut his coat in thin straps, and soon all the chests were decorated same symbol, just as all the hearts beat same enthusiasm (1146).

Andre Vésale, born in Brussels in 1514, is the creator of the modern anatomy: facing the prejudices, it studied the structure interior of the human body, and the dissection made make with the medicine of immense progress.

During the seat, the president of the Parliament, Mathieu Molé, wrongfully suspected of corresponding with Mazarin to deliver Paris to him, was insulted by the rabble.

Threatened of died by the exaggerated ones, he says to them with calms: "When you kill me, my friends, I will not need that six feet of ground" This answer liked to crowd and Molé was saved (Feb. 1649).

It had already run the same danger the following day of the arrest of Broussel, to have tried to bring closer the parties, and it had made proof of the same courage.

Napoleon II, born on March 20, 1811, entered the life triumphantly: cent-un blows of gun greeted its birth; it accepted as of the cradle the crown of king de Rome; its baptism celebrated with Our-injury had as witnesses the Senate, hundred bishops, twenty cardinals, three kings; and it enthusiasm was immense when Napoleon raised the child above his head to present it at crowd: the same enemies of the emperor were moved, and nobody could have a presentiment of that four years after there would be no more empire, that Napoleon would die captive of the English, and that the king of Rome, removed by the Austrians, would die out to twenty and one years, lieutenant-colonel of an Austrian regiment under the name of duke of Reichstadt.

Dupleix was a governor of the French establishments in India when the war with England burst: it improvised the resources which it missed, and when the English besieged Pondichéry, it forced them to raise the seat.

After peace, it started to make of India a vast French empire, when it was disgraced (1754).

Prince Noir, who had only ten thousand men against fifty thousand, had cut off himself from a slope planted from vines and half-compartment of hedges, absolutely impracticable with the cavalry; one could attack it only face by a sunken lane and narrow; to engage there, it was to run to a disaster.

The knights however sprang there, carried by their ebullient heat, but, stopped by a barricade of carriages, overpowered by a hail of arrows and loaded in side, they turned back with haste, and threw the disorder in the remainder of the army.

Jean, after having defended oneself a long time with his young person Philippe son, gave his sword to a French who was useful in the English army: two thousand knights were made prisoners with the king; eleven thousand men, the flower of the knighthood, remained lying on the battle field (Sept. 1356).

When Charles-Quint entered to Provence to the head of 50 000 men, François 1st, who was not ready to push back it by the force, solved to stop it by making country a desert.

The marshal of Montmorency, charged with this work of devastation, discharged some with a pitiless rigour: the houses were burned, destroyed harvests, the which corrupted wells, the shaven trees; the inhabitants had to leave their villages and to take refuge in wood: those which wanted to defend their goods were put at death.

The enemy, not to die of hunger and thirst, was tiny room to be beaten a retreat, and lost half of his army, but Provence was ruined for a long time, and its inhabitants suffered from appalling miseries (1556).

The knights, especially those of the South, were not any more of the men ignoramuses and coarse as at the tenth century: to like the great blows of sword, they did not taste less the beautiful ones towards; the chivalrous poets, called trouveres in North, troubadours in the South, celebrated especially the heroism and the piety of the warriors, the beauty and the virtue of the ladies of the manor, in lovesongs and songs, satires, French tale in verse and especially in poems epic called chansons de geste.

Powerful lords and kings such as Richard Lion Heart did not scorn to deliver themselves to poetry.

Often two troubadours contributed before an elegant assembly, and the injuries served referees to them.

The day of Eckmühl finishes by a terrible fray of cavalry: the Austrian cuirassiers made a load despaired to cover the retirement of the infantry, but the French cavalry turned them skilfully and sprang with their continuation: the enemy riders, which had of armour only on the chest, were not protected from the blows which they received in the back; their rout was soon complete (April 22, 1809).

Robert the Fort, having learned that the Norman ones had plundered the city of Mans, solved to cut the road of Angers to them and to take again the spoils to them: he reached them in Brissarthe, beat them and locked up them in the Church.

The day seemed finished and Robert, exhausted heat, had removed his armour and his helmet, when suddenly the Norman ones spring on the dispersed French: Robert, without giving time to take again his armour, precipitates in the fray and fall bored blows on the steps from the Church (July 866).

A few days after funerals of Louis XIV, September 12, 1715, the young person Louis XV was brought of Vincennes in Paris by his Villeroi tutor, and held in the Palais Royal a bed of justice, i.e.

a solemn assembly, where the duke of Orleans was proclaimed regent, contrary to the wills of Louis XIV.

Born in Versailles in 1768, soldier at sixteen years, general-in-chief with twenty-four, winner with Wissembourg, peacemaker of the Vendée, died at twenty-nine years (1797).

In Ivry, the members of a league, reinforced foreign troops, were 16 000: Henri IV hardly had 11 000 men, but it involved everyone by its heat: "Companions, says it, before charging, keep your rows well; if you lose your signs, you with my white plume rejoin, you will always find it with the way of the honor "the army of Mayenne were completely beaten, continued and with massacred half: "District with the French, shouted Henri IV, and low hand on the foreigners" (Mars 1590.)

The new duke of Savoy and the Spaniards, his allies, signed a truce with France (Sept. 1630), but it observed it badly: the negotiations seemed broken; already the French Army and the Spanish army were in presence under the walls of Casal (Oct. 1630), and the mousquetade engaged, when a rider ran au.galop on the battle field between two lines of fire, while shouting: "peace, peace".

It brought on behalf of the Pope a treaty acceptable for the two parties; the combat ceased and peace was done: a great battle had been avoided.

This bold rider was not other than Mazarin, unknown the day before still: all the eyes were fixed on him, and its fortune started.

When the army arrived for the Pyramids, imperishable monuments of the antique Egyptian civilization: "Soldiers, exclaimed Bonaparte, think that top of these Pyramids forty centuries contemplate you" the army, seizure of surprised and admiration, burned to achieve wonders, as if it had had as witnesses all the heroes of antiquity.

Formed in squares, it opposed an insuperable barrier to the cavalry of the Mamelukes and put it in rout.

Two days after Bonaparte entered to Cairo (July 1798).

François 1st gave a great development to the trade of France; he decreased tolls; he made digs the port of Le Havre; the sailors of Dieppe recognized Sumatra, Madagascar, Newfoundland; Canada was explored by the Breton Jacques Cartier; a colony was founded with theBreton one, and all the north of America was called News-France.

The silk trade of Turns, the wools of Normandy and Picardy, the wines, salt, the beautiful pieces of furniture was for France of the sources of great richness: thus one exported each year for more than four million wines (currency of time).

A powerful ship-owner of Dieppe, Ango, with which them Portuguese had taken a vessel, could, without the help of the royal navy, to arm with his expenses seventeen large ships, to block Lisbon and force the king of Portugal to pay him a strong allowance (1530).

Tutor of Louis XV, then Prime Minister, born in Lodève in 1653, died in 1743.

The turns and the walls were almost always crowned of a notched parapet: the notches, called crenels, were used to launch arrows and to throw stones on the attackers without being with overdraft.

Colbert gave to France the richness, Louvois the force; Hugues de Lionne gave him alliances.

Secretary of State to the Foreign Affairs of 1663 to 1671, it contributed by his skilful negotiations to the success of the first wars of Louis XIV.

TheSaint-Simon historian calls it the Prime Minister for the reign.

Napoleon, raising the camp of Boulogne, transported in twenty days on the Rhine the eight his army corps; then, leaving Augereau in reserve, it went up Mein with Lannes, Murat, Ney, Soult, Davout, Marmont and Bernadotte, turned the Austrian army by admirable operations, and cut it in several sections in Vertingen, in Memmingen and in Elchingen, rejected the principal body on Ulm and de.toutes.parts wrapped it, by keeping the heights; the Mack General, despaired, capitulated with 33 000 soldiers, 60 guns and 40 flags (October 20, 1805); of 100 000 Austrians there remained only runaways, which our cavalry continued; Napoleon had not lost more than 3 000 men.

Robert resembled to a monk rather that with a king: he sang with the lectern, composed of the anthems, passed long hours to read and request.

The Constance queen, who liked the luxury, reproached him with hardness for not royally living, and Robert, as weak as good, was unceasingly divided between his piety and his tenderness for his wife; he hid, says one, to make alms.

It arrived during a truce that a brother of Of Guesclin, which was useful in the same army, was stopped treacherously in the surroundings of Dinan and jeté in prison by English gentleman named Thomas de Canterbury.

To this news, Bertrand, transported anger, rides a horse, runs to the English camp and causes Canterbury with a combat with excess.

The duel took place on the public place of Dinan in the presence of a crowd moved and the duke by Lancaster which one had let enter the city with twenty English knights; undecided victory considering a long time; the two champions, forks and spoons of impenetrable armours, fought with the lance, the sword, the scraping-knife; finally Of Guesclin foot put at ground, and tackling the horse of its enemy, it inserted his sword in the belly to him; the English rolled in dust and Of Guesclin was proclaimed victorious; his brother was put at once in freedom, and driven out Canterbury of the English camp (1357).

Marie Stuart remained famous because of her beauty, her spirit and of her misfortunes.

Girl of king d' Écosse Jacques V and Marie of Lorraine, it married in 1558 the Francois, dolphin to which it brought the title of king d' Écosse, and went up on the throne with him the following year; widow at seventeen years and persecuted by Catherine de Médicis, it turned over to Scotland, where it was made like, then to hate her subjects, and after a series of catastrophes it fell to the capacity from the sound enemy, Élisabeth Queen of England, which made it decapitate (1587).

The Revocation of the Edict of Nantes was followed terrible violences.

Children from five to sixteen years were torn off from force to their parents, "so that they were not high in the heresy".

The plague, brought of Syria by a ship, burst in Marseilles with a violence.

There was as well died at the same time as the houses and the streets even were soon encumbered corpses: more than two thousand bodies, abandoned without burial for three weeks on the esplanade of Tourette, had formed an appalling hearth of infection, and the inhabitants prepared to flee, when the Roze knight, involving of force hundred galériens, made clear the place with hooks and push the remains in the cellars of the old ramparts.

The Belsunce bishop showed also an admirable devotion by looking after the patients (1720-1721).

Orléanais, which, at the end of four months of seat, started to miss food, solved to remove a large convoy of five hundred carriages which one dispatched of Paris to the English army.

Fifteen hundred determined men left the city under the command of Hire, of Dunois and of Xaintrailles, cleared a passage through besieging, then giving the hand to a small body of French cavalry which beat the surroundings of Orleans, they attacked the convoy close to the village of Rouvray; but the English and the Parisian militia which fought in the enemy rows cut off firmly behind the carriages.

The French were pushed back with great losses, and the detachment which had left Orleans the morning, had large pains to return there the evening, for decreased (February 12, 1429).

The Parisian ones of the English army called this combat the Day of Herrings, because the battle field was strewn with herrings fallen from the carriages, but Orléanais were laid out with laughing, by counting their deaths.

The battle of Bouvines, which was at the same time the victory of the royalty over the lords, and of France on Germany, caused an immense joy in the kingdom: any work was suspended during several days, and whole France was in festival; everywhere resounded of the anthems and the thanksgivings; churches, houses and thatched cottages avoided hangings and flowers, and the old men danced like young people.

The return of Philippe Auguste was a triumphal walk since the battle field to Paris.

Gone up on his horse of war, the king advanced proudly, the crown with the face, the medium of his knights, the sound of the warlike brass bands.

To his continuation came its prisoner, Ferrand, count de Flandre, lying and connected in a bad carriage: "Ferrand, here you is now shoed," shouted crowd; insults and mocking remarks rained on him, and the king was acclaimed like the saver of France.

The constituent Assembly, after having abolished the privileges, had, in the declaration of the rights of man, proclaimed the principles of personal freedom and national sovereignty, but the king refused to sanction such radical reforms; the people of Paris, fearing new attempts at coup d'etat went in mass to Versailles, invade the palate, massacred some bodyguards, and took along of force the royal family to Tileries, to hold it at his disposal (October 5, and 6 1789).

The Joinville historian pays of Louis saint of quite beautiful actions.

One day its galère touches against a sand bank on the coast of the island of Cyprus, and it was shaken so much by the shock which it appeared unable to hold the sea a long time.

One advised with Louis saint to pass on small a galère which followed the large one: "Not, it answered, since this boat cannot receive us all, I do not want to only run away myself: many of those which I would have given up would not dare to continue their voyage without me, and would be likely to remain in Cyprus all their life.

I like to better put my confidence as a God "the vessel resisted by miracle, and all the companions of Louis saint re-examined France (1254).

The Norman ones, after having taken Rouen, went up the Seine with their seven hundred boats and appeared in front of Paris on November 25 885: they expected to enter the city without blow to férir, but the count of Paris Eudes, son of Robert the Fort, and the valiant Gozlin bishop had repaired the walls, had barred the Seine and had brought together around them people of heart; all the attacks failed: the Parisian ones, which made good guard on the ramparts, launched enormous stones on the groups of Norman, and flooded those which approached ebullient oil and molten lead.

Finally the bishop and the count with some brave men made exits which threw the disorder among the attackers; Eudes, springing au.galop of its horse, cut through a path everywhere; the bishop accepted a blow of javelin and succumbed to tiredness.

The French navy, which had just overcome the Dutchmen and the Spaniards, was the first of the world.

Louis XIV made use of it glorieusement against the barbaresque ones.

The bombardment of Algiers, Tunis and Tripoli was used as lesson to the pirates.

Génois, which built ships for Spain, were punished in their turn as if they had been the vassal rebellious ones; Duquesne, forced to carry out the orders of the king, destroyed a part of the city, and the doge of Genoa had to come to Versailles to beseech the forgiveness of Louis XIV (1684).

Burgundy, invaded by the imperial armies, seemed out of state to resist to them, but a small city, Saint-Jean-of-Losne, proudly refused to capitulate: 150 men of garrison and 400 middle-class men swore to die the sword with the hand rather than to return the city, and they were defended so well, in spite of the weakness of their walls, than it held in failure 30 000 men, pushed back all the attacks, and gave to the French Army time to come to deliver them (November 1636).

The city accepted the nickname of "Beautiful Defense".

The Zacharie pope having mandé with the people of the Franks which the honors of the royalty were to belong to that which had the power of it, Pépin convened at once in Soissons the bishops and the large ones to put an end to the dynasty mérovingienne (751).

Childéric III, which had carried the title of king for ten years, was solemnly deposited; nobody defended it; one locked up it in a convent of Saint-Omer; one put on a dress of monk to him and one cut his royal hair to him.

He died out obscurely three years afterwards.

Compiegne, besieged by the duke of Burgundy, beseeched the help of Jeanne d' Arc, who had saved so many cities.

She ran at once through the enemy lines, revived defense, and made an exit the very same day her arrival; but it ran up the Burgundian masses; the discouraged French turned over towards the city; Jeanne, reduced to follow them, ensured their retirement at least and continued to fight with a handle of men, while the door of the city was closed again; when she wanted to return in her turn, it was too late: the drawbridge was raised; the Burgundian ones precipitated on it; overpowered under the number, Jeanne was reversed of horse, and fell alive to the capacity from the enemy (May 1430).

The duke of Burgundy, which was the ally of the English, sold his captive to them at the cost of ten thousand franks, and Charles VII did not do anything to repurchase it.

As soon as the English draw Jeanne d' Arc in their capacity, in the castle of Rouen, they were avenged cruelly for the evil that it had made them: they reflect to him chains with the hands, the feet and the neck, and locked up it in an iron cage, then they composed a court, which showed it disobedience to his parents, of imposture, heresy, sacrilege and sorcery.

A young courtier, Albert de Luynes, coveted the place of Prime Minister; he flattered Louis XIII skilfully, excited it to demolish himself of Concini, to move away his mother and to take in hand the government.

Louis ordered to stop the marshal of Anchor, and to kill it if it resisted.

The captain of the Vitry guards, in charge of the arrest, understood that him for an assassination was asked, and satisfied the desire of the king: at the time when Concini entered to the Louvre, Vitry and its people threw themselves on him and killed it with blow of gun (April 1617).

The chief of the conspiracy of Amboise was an adventurer named Renaudie.

It got along with the prince of Condé, brings together in Nantes, in the greatest secrecy, the delegates of the Protestant cities, and was advisable with them to remove the king with the castle of Blois, then to stop the Own ways, to have the government.

But François de Guise, informed plot by spies and two treacherous Protestants with their party, took along the king to the castle of Amboise, easier to defend, made come from the troops to small noise and was held on his guards without appearing anything to know.

Entreated were taken as with the trap: detachments of cavalry embusqués in wood seized them before they had been able to be assembled and led them to the castle of Amboise, where the majority were decapitated, hung or drowned.

Renaudie, surprised in the wood of Castle-Renaud, was killed out of a blow of arquebus, after having sold its life dearly, and its body was attached to an bracket on the bridge of the Loire (March 1560).

The prince of Condé, who had awaited the events before taking the weapons, declared impudently that it was not plot, and as there was no against him unquestionable proof, François de Guise was constrained to let it leave.

Louis XI was not chivalrous, but he liked to reward heroism.

After the seat of Quesnoy, it made come a young knight of which it had noticed bravery, and passed to him to the neck a gold chain.

Philippe Auguste, after having exhorted his knights, and called upon for them the divine blessing, put himself at their head and sprang on the enemy.

The action began without order, as in the majority of the feudal combat: Philippe, after having cut through a path through the German infantry, is attacked de.toutes.parts, struck blows, is reversed horse and is pressed with the feet; but its armour protects it, the Guillaume brave man of the Bars and the other knights of its squadron precipitate with his help, release it, give it to horse, then melt with him on the emperor of Germany and put it in escape.

During this time, the line of the French Army pushed back the Flemings and took their duke Ferrand to them, who had praised himself to enter to Paris in triumph; the left collapsed the English and the lorry drivers let us brabançons who formed the right wing of the enemy.

The formidable army of the coalition was destroyed (July 1214).

The town of Mantes, besieged by Henri II, had as a garrison only its communal militia, but it was defended valiantly, and gave king de France time to run: then it delivered under the walls a furious combat, where the French knight Guillaume of the Bars illustrated itself: it fought initially against Richard Lion Heart in singular combat and reversed it, then a long time only fought against a crowd of enemies "like a wild boar surrounded of a barking pack".

The English were reduced to raising the seat (1188).

The Large Companies were bands of adventurers, in turn soldiers and brigands, who enrôlaient themselves to make fortune, and who resorted to plundering as soon as they did not find any more enemies to be fought.

In 1366, Charles V, who did not need their services, skilfully decided them to take the way of Spain, and Of Guesclin, which could speak to them, succeeds with leading to it: it was only forced to make them some concessions, and it was on its authorities that the Pope, to save Avignon of their visit, made them give by his legate one present of one hundred thousand franks and the discharge of their innumerable sins.

When the Gallic ones were linked to defend their country (53), of the deputies of all the leagued States gathered secretly in the country of Carnutes (Chartres), and there, on the standards joined together in beam, they solemnly swore to take the weapons for the common fatherland.

Criers laid out on the roads gave the signal of the insurrection quickly, and Vercingétorix organized resistance.

Saint Louis achieves a great reform in the manner of returning justice: the judgement of God, i.e.

the legal duel, and tests, by cold water, ebullient water or fire, made place with investigations, interrogations, pleas and judgements, for the large good of humanity.

Saint Louis ordered that the judges and the witnesses had under the eyes in all the courts the image of Christ, the judge of the judges; finally, to protect the weak ones against the injustices, he wanted that the men condemned by their lords could call at his court, which would judge in last spring.

Itself listened to with benevolence the complaints of the unhappy one, and when it resided in summer at the castle of Vincennes, it arrived to him sometimes, after the mass, to go to sit down with the foot of a oak to return justice there.

This engraving represents the legend and not the historical truth, which escapes to us: at the bottom of a forest of oaks, of old druids out of white dress achieve the sacrifice in front of the assembled warriors: one sees all with the entour large stones called dolmens and menhirs, which are venerated like furnace bridges.

This legend does not rest on any base; we know anything neither the age nor of the costume of the druids, and it is certain that the dolmens and the menhirs are much older than Druidisme.

Henri IV had left the Louvre in one fits with body discovered to go to the Arsenal, where he wanted to see sick Sully, when, to the entry of the street of the Ironwork, in a tightened place, at one time when the horses went to the step, a fanatic poor wretch, Ravaillac, were thrown on the king and twice inserted its dagger in the chest to him.

Henri subsided without pushing a cry, and its body was brought back to the Louvre: the best of the kings had died and its great projects with him; France was going to fall down in the disorder (May 14, 1610).

Louis VI initially undertook to pacify the surroundings of his capital.

The lord de Montlhéry, with a few miles of Paris, afflicted all the region by his armed robberies; Louis VI walked against him, but the royal army was so weak still, and the castle defended so well that the king could not force the brigand in his den.

Several attempts failed, and it was only after the death of the lord that the fortress fell to the hands from the king: he made it dismantle, and only the proud keep preserved any which one sees still today.

Defended especially by middle-class men, peasants and monks, Saragossa resisted for two months all the attacks, the bombardment, the fires, the famine, the plague; it had to be carried attack, street by street, house by house, and when the French were Masters of the city, they had lost more than 3 000 men; on 100 000 inhabitants, more than 50 000 had perished (February 1809).

Louis IV went of Laon to Rheims, when it saw a wolf: he sprang at once with his continuation, au.grand.galop, and already he leaned on his saddle to strike it, when the frightened horse made a variation and désarçonna its rider.

Louis IV was done while falling from serious wounds, and died a few days afterwards.

He was old only thirty-four years and only two young person sons (954) left.

Achilles de Harlay points out Michel of the Hospital.

First president of the Parliament of Paris in 1582, it showed himself always tolerant and not involved in the medium in the religious fights and the political intrigues.

He courageously faced Henri de Guise, then the Sixteen, was devoted to the cause of Henri IV and worked of all its heart to alleviate the parties.

Stanislas Leczinski, whose Louis XV had married the girl, was besieged in the town of Dantzick by the Russians, and Fleury sent only ridiculous helps to him: "It is necessary to put blood on this shame to hide it", exclaims the count de Plélo, French ambassador in Copenhagen.

It runs in Dantzick and prepares an exit.

It has only fifteen hundred French to fight thirty thousand Russians: "I know well that I will not return from there, he with the minister writes: I recommend my wife and my children to you "; then with its handle of brave men, it melts on the enemy masses and disappears there: it is a madness, but which raises the name of France (1734).

Built at the thirteenth century.

Its gate is a wonder.

Jerusalem, the cradle of Christianity, was with the capacity of the Moslems since the seventh century: the tomb of Jesus-Christ, the valley of Josaphat, the Garden of the Olive-trees and the Martyrdom, all the holy places were profaned; the Christians who went there in pilgrimage underwent any kind of ill treatments there: they were stripped their clothing, one souffletait them, one trailed them by the hair; those which try to be defended were massacred or plunged in dungeons.

Christendom could not support a long time any more of such humiliations, and all the people of the Occident were faded of revenge.

Moreau, the winner of Hohenlinden, had conspired in 1804 against Bonaparte, of which it envied fortune, and it had been condemned to the exile.

After having lived a few years in America, it returned to Europe in 1813, not to defend its threatened fatherland, but to carry the last blows to him.

Accomodated well by the enemies of France, it did not have shame to be used to them as guide, and it was charged to trace a vast plan of invasion, but hardly was it opposite the French Army, on the battle field of Dresden, that a French ball crashed to pieces the two legs to him, at the time when it indicated to the emperor of Russia an operation to be made (August 1813).

Moreau undergoes with courage the amputation of the two legs and died after six days of sufferings, while saying: "This Bonaparte is always happy"

The first riot of the Sling was caused by the imprisonment of Broussel, adviser at the Parliament, which had pointed out itself by its opposition to Mazarin: August 26, while one sang Te Deum with Our-injury, for the victory of Lens, Broussel was stopped in its family by guards: the people, which called it his guard, raised themselves at once: one did not manage to tear off it with the soldiers, but Paris roughcast barricades, and four hundred and thousand votes shouted: "Freedom or Broussel".

Vercingétorix, hoping to soften the winner, delivered itself: gone up on and a cover war-horse of a splendid armour, it only left the city, arrived au.galop in the Roman camp, and stopping in front of César, threw to ground its javelin, its sword and its helmet.

César put it in prison, and made there die.